恩格斯：統治階級
，只是
區區少數，需要
這
代表全体人民的
假象。
1895 英文版
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符甦 勘謬
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黑体字是 什么編譯局的翻譯
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All
revolutions up to the
present day have resulted in the displacement of the rule of one class
by the rule of another; but all ruling classes up
to now have been only small
minorities in relation to the ruled mass of the people. One ruling
minority was thus overthrown; another minority seized the helm of state in its stead and refashioned the
state institutions to suit its own interests. Thus on every occasion a
minority group was enabled and called upon to rule by the given degree of economic
development; and just for that reason, and only for that reason, it happened
that the ruled majority
either participated in the revolution for the benefit of the former or else simply acquiesced in it.
But if we disregard the concrete content in each case, the common form of all these
revolutions was that they
were minority revolutions. Even when the majority took part, it did so
— whether wittingly or not — only in the service of
a minority; but
because of this, or even simply because of the passive, unresisting attitude of the
majority, this minority acquired the appearance of being the representative
of the whole people.
--- Frederick Engels --- March 6, 1895-----
Introduction
to Karl Marx’s
The Class Struggles in France 1848 to 1850 |
以往的一切革命，到今時今日，都是歸結於某一階級的統治 被另一階級的統治所替換；而以往的一切統治階級，對被統治的人民群眾而言，到今時今日，都只是區區少數。一個統治的少數被推翻了，另一個少數又起而掌握 國家政權，並依照自己的利益 改造國家制度。因此，在一定的 經濟動態下，這少數集團抓住每一个 時機，使它可以 發號施令；就是為這理由，也只是為這理由，所以，在实行變革時，被統治的多數，要么為了少數集團的利益， 參與變革，要么 安然
容忍 這個 變革。但是，如果把每一個 變革的具體內容 撇開不談，那末 這一切革命的一般意图 都是少數人的革命。多數人 即使參與了，他們也只是 為
少數人效力，無論自願與否；然而，正是由於這種情形，或者 就是因為 多數人 採取 漠不関心、逆來順受的態度，就使這個 少數 得到一个假象：它就是 代表 全體人民。
----恩格斯，
March 6, 1895-----
1895年 再版--
卡尔 馬克思 (写於
1850年1-10月)
《1848-1850 法蘭西的 階級鬥爭》
-導言-（第11段）
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以往的一切革命，到今時今日，都是歸結於某一階級的統治
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